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Kosher food

Halacha
(heb. הֲלָכָה‎ — halacha)
Traditional Jewish law, the totality of the laws and institutions of Judaism that regulate the religious, family and social life of believing Jews. In a narrower sense, the totality of the laws contained in the Torah, the Talmud, and in the later rabbinical literature, and each of these laws (alahoth) separately.
Kashrut
(heb. כַּשְׁרוּת‎)
The term in Judaism, meaning the permissibility or suitability of anything from the point of view of Halacha. For example, kosher food is biblically pure. Kosher items for the temple, which are made according to the Scriptures and can be used to serve in the temple.
Today 23 Shvat 5730 AD Tuesday, (19 March 2024)
Certificate of Kosher



You probably heard about kosher food.
Orthodox Jews eat only kosher food.
On the one hand, there are many jokes about this kind of "stupidity."
On the other hand, looking at what we are fed, how sausage is made, genetically-degraded food, a fortune ... you start to wonder, and where to find a healthy, or rather normal food.

Prohibitions

It is clear that the prohibitions are based on Bible. You can not eat unclean animals. All know that a pig is unclean, and a sheep is a pure animal.
Also, you can not consume blood.

Unclean animals according to Lev.11:1-47

  1. All unskilled animals, reptiles, amphibians.
  2. A camel, a horse
  3. Pig.
  4. Rodents (hare, jerboa, mouse, daman)
  5. Shrews (mole)
  6. Bats.
  7. All birds of prey (eagle, vulture, hawk, falcon, kite, eagle owl, owl)
  8. Birds-fishers (egret, pelican, gulls)
  9. Crow breed.
  10. Zuy, ibis, hoopoe
  11. Ostrich
  12. Swan.
  13. All aquatic animals without scales
  14. All invertebrates, except for different locust species

Separation of dairy and meat foods

For meat and dairy food there should be different utensils, where possible - different washes and different cloths to wash it.

The laws of kashrut divide all food products of animal origin into meat and dairy products, the joint use of which is prohibited. After taking meat, several hours must pass (the timing in some communities may differ: 1, 3 or 6 hours), before you can eat milk. After taking milk, meat can be eaten after a period of 30 minutes to 2 hours; The exact duration also depends on the community. The exception is hard cheeses, after consumption of which must pass the same time before eating meat, as accepted in the community between the reception of meat and dairy food.

Slaughtering of cattle and birds

A skilled carnival - sho (s) hat cuts the animal's throat and it must die from loss of blood. There are also special laws for the ritual preparation of a knife, which will be slaughtered by an animal - how to sharpen a knife, check that it does not have the slightest scraping, etc .; Laws about where and how to cut (with only one movement and only the throat in the region of the carotid artery passage). Meat of properly slaughtered animals, whose health was irreparably damaged, is not kosher.

As for the knife for schiti, its blade should not only be very sharp, but also absolutely smooth - a cut with such a blade is not felt at all. For such sharpening, a whole set of stones is used, one smoothing the other. Knives and stones, which the carver uses, are worth a lot of money. Only the process of sharpening the knife can take several hours. The knife is checked by conducting it on the nail, and if it feels at least the slightest notch - the knife is not suitable for shchita. Since the work of the massacre requires precision of action, an old or sick person does not have the right to engage in schiti.

The Torah prohibits eating blood. Therefore, the meat is soaked in water at room temperature, and then placed on a special salt board and sprinkled with large salt. Salt absorbs blood. After that, the meat is thoroughly washed. The Sho (hat) hat usually studies for many years in a yeshiva to obtain a general knowledge of Jewish laws. Then he goes through a special course for the massacres, lasting about a year and ending with an exam. Only after that he gets the right to do shchita. The laws on schiti and the inspection of the animal's carcass for kosherness are very numerous and complex, so only a person who has thoroughly studied them and obtained the appropriate diploma, has the right to engage in this craft. A specialist who checks the carcass of an animal intended for food is called mashgiach. Mashgiah examines the carcass to determine whether there are signs of a disease in which meat is considered trephine. There are other professions related to kosher, for example menaker - a person who cleans the back of the carcass from banned for food veins.

Leviticus 11

  1. And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them,
  2. Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.
  3. Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
  4. Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
  5. And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
  6. And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
  7. And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you.
  8. Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you.
  9. These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
  10. And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:
  11. They shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination.
  12. Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you.
  13. And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
  14. And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;
  15. Every raven after his kind;
  16. And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,
  17. And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,
  18. And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,
  19. And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
  20. All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.
  21. Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth;
  22. Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.
  23. But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you.
  24. And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even.
  25. And whosoever beareth ought of the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
  26. The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean.
  27. And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even.
  28. And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you.
  29. These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,
  30. And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.
  31. These are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.
  32. And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.
  33. And every earthen vessel, whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it.
  34. Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean.
  35. And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you.
  36. Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean.
  37. And if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.
  38. But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you.
  39. And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.
  40. And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
  41. And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten.
  42. Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.
  43. Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, that ye should be defiled thereby.
  44. For I am the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
  45. For I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.
  46. This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:
  47. To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

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