Новый Завет на Греческом языке с номерами Стронга и Морфологическим анализом
текст "The New Testament in the Original Greek" Уэсткотта-Хорта изд. 1881 г., в сочетании с вариантами из "Novum Testamentum Graece" Нестле-Аланда ред. 26 и 27 и "The Greek New Testament" UBS ред. 3 и 4.
(варианты подготовлены и отредактированы доктором философии Юго-Восточной баптистской богословской семинарии Морисом А. Робинсоном, 1995 г.)
Морфологический анализ существительных, прилагательных, предлогов, союзов и частиц был подготовлен Морисом А. Робинсоном (взят из "The Analytical Greek Lexicon" Дэвидсона 1859 г., сравнён и исправлен с "New Analytical Greek Lexicon" Першбачера 1990 г.; сокращенния приведены в форме, аналогичной той, которая имеется в "Analytical Greek New Testament" Фриберга 1981 г.).
Примечание: тексты критических изданий "Novum Testamentum Graece" Нестле-Аланда ред. 26 и 27 и "The Greek New Testament"
UBS ред. 3 и 4 почти идентичны, различия имеются только в критическом аппарате, который не представлен в данном модуле, поэтому данные два текста в модуле представлены как один. А различия в тексте этих двух изданий заключены в следующих аспектах:
- пунктуации;
- разделении на заглавные и строчные буквы;
- различные варианты написания одинаковых слов;
- во внешнем оформлении текста.
Те немногие разночтения, имеющиеся между "Novum Testamentum Graece" Нестле-Аланда и "The Greek New Testament"
UBS, если хотя бы одно из них соответствует тексту "The New Testament in the Original Greek" Уэсткотта-Хорта, в тексте не представлены, а приводится текст Уэсткотта-Хорта.
Аппарат вариантов NA/UBS интегрирован в текст и выглядит следующим образом:
| текст Уэсткотта-Хорта | текст NA/UBS |
[] — указывает на текст, вызывающий сомнение. Квадратные скобки отражают те места, где критические издания в своём тексте ставят под вопрос включение или пропуск некоторых слов. Читателю для получения дополнительной информации по этому аспекту следует обратить внимание на Введение к изданию Уэсткотта-Хорта (а также на Введение к изданию Нестле-Аланда 26-27/UBS 3-4). Материалы, приведенные на полях страниц издания Уэсткотта-Хорта в качестве альтернативного чтения, независимо от того что они отражают включение/пропуск слов, замену слов или перестановку звуков и слогов, не отраженны в настоящем издании.
[[]] — двойные квадратные скобки заключают в себя отрывки текста, которые обычно являются довольно обширными, и известны тем, что не являются частью оригинального текста, но добавленны в него через незначительное время после его написания. Они включены в текст из-за их древности и позиций, которыми они традиционно пользуются в церкви (например, Ин 7.53-8.11).
<> — то же самое, что и "[]", но указывают на то, что в тексте NA/UBS, в данном слове только некоторая его часть заключена в квадратные скобки, например: "ονομα[τα]" или "κρ[αυγ]αζοντα" отображено как "<ονοματα>" и "<κραυγαζοντα>". Данное введение было применено для облегчения поиска по тексту. Для получения подробной информации о конкретном расположении квадратных скобок в главах книг имеются примечания с правильным раположением скобок (к примеру, Мф 13:40).
КРАСНЫЙ: текст выделенный красным указывает разночтения, где у редакторского комитета UBS (Объединённые библейские общества) возникли большие затруднения при принятии решения, какой вариант разместить в тексте своих критических изланий. Для удобства поиска данные позиций помечены звездочками *. Для получения подробной информации обратитесь к "Текстовым комментариям к греческому Новому Завету" Брюса М. Мецгера, 2-е изд., 1994.
Подробное описание этого издания см.: Введение М. А. Робинсона
INTRODUCTION
GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants
Prepared and edited by Maurice A. Robinson, Ph.D.
INTRODUCTION
The entire 1881
Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament is included herein, in basically the
identical form published by Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort
in their volume, "The New Testament in the Original Greek" (London:
Macmillan, 1881).
The Westcott-Hort
text herein presented was constructed from a collation published in 1889 by
William Sanday. Sanday's collation presents with a high degree of accuracy the
approximately 6000 significant alterations between the Westcott- Hort text of
1881 and the Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus edition. The resultant text of this
collation was then compared with the Westcott-Hort portion of the "Textuum
Differentiae" appendix to the Nestle-Aland 26th edition in order to verify
Sanday's data. Errors on the part of both Sanday and the Nestle-Aland 26th
edition appendix were found and corrected during this process, and the
resultant Westcott-Hort text is more accurate than either source taken
independently.
[See William Sanday,
ed., _Appendices ad Novum Testamentum Stephanicum jam inde a Millii Temporibus
Oxoniensium Manibus Tritum_, Part I: "Collatio Textus Westcottio-Hortiani
(jure permisso) cum Textu Stephanico Anni MDL" (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1889), pp.1-92; also Kurt Aland et al., eds., _Novum Testamentum Graece_, 26th
edition, Appendix 2, "Textuum Differentiae" (Stuttgart: Deutsche
Bibelstiftung, 1979), pp.717-738].
The differences
from the actual Westcott-Hort text fall under two headings: format and
orthography (spelling variations). In accordance with the Online Bible format,
no capitalization, punctuation, iota subscripts, accents, or breathing
indicators appear.
In regard to
orthography, Sanday specifically excluded from his collation certain
orthographic items of minor significance. The excluded items mostly reflect
minor spelling variations and do not affect the meaning of the text. Where the
orthography differs from that of Westcott-Hort, either the orthography of the
Stephens 1550 text is retained (e.g., movable -n) or (as in most cases, based
upon consistent manuscript testimony) the orthography common to most modern
critical editions is substituted.
Westcott and Hort
opted in regard to many orthographical variants to follow the specific
spellings of Codex Vaticanus and/or Codex Sinaiticus, even if such manuscripts
stood virtually alone in the peculiarity of their spelling. Such a methodology
clearly accounts for Westcott and Hort's peculiar spelling (for example) of
David as "daueid", of John as "iwanhv" and of Pilate as
"peilatov" (with declined endings as appropriate). The present
edition follows the orthography of most modern editions and spells these
respectively as "dauid", "iwannhv" and "pilatov".
Such conformity to the spelling common in most modern editions should greatly
assist the user when searching for proper names.
The orthographic items which Sanday specifically excluded from his collation are stated by him to include the following (translated from the Latin preface):
- The presence or absence of movable -n or -s.
- Word division which does not affect meaning (e.g., dia ti vs. diati or ouketi vs. ouk eti).
- Interchange between alla and all'.
- Orthographic interchange between -ss- and -tt- (e.g., kreisswn vs. kreittwn).
- Reduplication of -n-, -m-, or -r- (e.g., mamwnav/mammwnav, genhma/gennhma, enatov/ennatov).
- Inserted epiphonetic -m- (e.g., analhqiv/analhmqiv).
- Unassimilated prefixed en- or sun- (e.g., enkrinein vs. egkrinein or sunlalein vs. suglalein).
- Orthographically varying forms such as eneken/eineken.
- Aorist forms in -a- or -o- such as eidan/eidon, or eipan/eipon.
- Augments which vary but do not alter the tense (e.g., hmellon/emellon).
- Words ending interchangeably in -ia or -eia.
- Words ending interchangeably in -inov or -einov.
- Itacistic interchanges between -i- and -ei (e.g., danizw/daneizw, tacion/taceion).
- Itacistic interchanges between -h- and -a- (e.g., macairhv/macairav, suneiduihv/suneiduiav).
- Itacistic interchanges between -oi- and -ou- (e.g., kataskhnoin/kataskhnoun).
- Various diphthongal interchanges (e.g., aleiuv/aleeuv, prwimov/proimov, praothv/prauthv).
-Various proper names (e.g., dauid/daueid, beelzeboul/beezeboul, pilatov/peilatov,
iwanhv/iwannhv, mwshv/mwushv, samareitwn/samaritwn).
In order to
locate the various orthographical differences and conform them to a basic
standard, the preliminary W-H text as prepared from the Sanday collation
(against the Textus Receptus) was carefully compared with the ASCII text of the
Nestle-Aland 26th edition. If spelling/orthographical differences occurred
between either what appeared in Stephens 1550 vs. Nestle-Aland 26 or between
W-H vs. Nestle-Aland 26, the orthography was conformed to that found in the
Nestle-Aland 26th edition. This was done solely for the sake of uniformity, and
does not imply endorsement of the particular orthographic spelling of that
edition.
Indeed, the
orthography of the Nestle-Aland 26th edition is itself inconsistent, with
illogical fluctuations between, e.g. hlyon/hlyan, eidon/eidan, eipon/eipan,
piein/pein, and eneken/eineken. The Westcott-Hort text in such cases remains
highly (but not always) consistent. Nevertheless, as mentioned above, the
present orthography has been assimilated to that of Nestle-Aland 26 for the
sake of consistency when comparing the various Greek texts available in the
Online Bible format.
A very few
variant readings which might be considered basically orthographical have
nevertheless been retained in the Westcott-Hort 1881 format. These include
interchanges such as those between me/eme, moi/emoi, and euyuv/euyewv, as well
as between the identically-parsed second aorist imperative singular forms
eipe/eipon. Interchanges between an/ean where "ean" is normally used
have been corrected in many cases. Similarly, there are many places in the W-H
text where pronomial variant forms beginning with aut- (rough breathing) are
held by W-H to be the exact equivalent of the corresponding reflexive forms
beginning with eaut-. These have all been altered to their normal orthographic
forms as found in the Nestle-Aland 26 text.
Thus, although
the Westcott-Hort text of 1881 is completely presented within the present
Online Bible format, certain peculiarities of orthography have been eliminated
which would have hindered the comparative use of that edition with the other
Online Bible Greek texts. The end result is actually a "better"
version of the Westcott-Hort Greek text (albeit marginally) than that which was
produced by Westcott and Hort themselves. Aside from these purely orthographic
items, all other collation differences between the original 1881 text of
Westcott and Hort and that found in the Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus have been
included as part of the current Westcott-Hort Greek text.
It should be
noted that a good number of errors and omissions of items which should have
been noted in Sanday's collation were corrected during this review process, and
thus Sanday should not be used as a source by which to verify or suggest errors
in the present text. Only the direct comparison of a printed edition of the
Westcott-Hort text with both the Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus and the
Nestle-Aland 26th edition Greek text "Textuum Differentiae" appendix
will allow any existing errors (few, it is to be hoped) to be located and
corrected. Additionally, all differences in reading between the 1881
Westcott-Hort Greek text as presently constructed and that found in the current
critical editions (Nestle-Aland 26-27/UBS 3-4) are included so as to provide a
functional apparatus for general reference.
It is significant
to note that the 1881 Westcott-Hort edition of the Greek New Testament actually
reflects the closest approach to a "pure Alexandrian" text edition
that has ever been created. The later editions of Nestle and others, including the
identical text of the current Nestle-Aland 26th-27th editions and UBS 3rd-4th
editions fail to preserve the "pure" Alexandrian character of the
text in as sharp a manner as did Westcott and Hort, who relied primarily on the
joint testimony of Codex Sinaiticus (Aleph) and Codex Vaticanus (B) in
contradistinction to the assimilation of readings from manuscripts of other
texttypes which is consistently practiced according to the eclectic principles
espoused by the framers of the modern critical editions.
The current text
found in the Nestle-Aland 26-27 and UBS 3-4 editions is actually an
"eclectic" text, which reflects editorial choice among variant
readings found in ALL known manuscripts and texttypes. Even though the current
critical texts stand primarily in alignment with the Alexandrian manuscripts
and in opposition to the Textform (Byzantine/Majority) found in most Greek
manuscripts of the New Testament, the modern critical editions at best
represent a "halfway house" between two opposing document-based
schools of New Testament Greek textual criticism. They thus present a
predominantly Alexandri an text "compromised" with numerous
"Byzantine" readings (now shown to be ancient by many early papyri).
Most of the readings
wherein the Nestle-Aland 26-27/UBS 3-4 text differs from that of Westcott-Hort
actually reflect a turn toward selected Byzantine readings, primarily because
these supposedly "late" readings (so deprecated by Westcott and Hort)
are now proven to be early thanks to their discovery in various early papyrus
documents. Nevertheless, since the modern critical texts in their various
editions reflect the basic eclectic text underlying most modern English
translations, their divergent readings are provided as an apparatus to the
Westcott-Hort text in order that students may more readily compare the
differences between all the various texts currently available as well as with
the texts of past generations. Note that most of the significant translational
differences between the Westcott-Hort Greek text and the Byzantine/Majority
Textform are clearly presented in the NU-text and M-text footnotes appearing in
editions of the "New King James Version," published by Thomas Nelson
Co., even though those notes refer more specifically to the text found in the
contemporary Nestle-Aland/UBS critical editions as well as the Hodges/Farstad
Majority Greek Text.
In most cases,
the Westcott-Hort text conforms verse division to that found in most English
translations (though some exceptions occur). Certain verse numbers appear with
no text following in the Westcott-Hort edition (often followed by the
Nestle-Aland 26-27/UBS 3-4 editions) because the supposed contents of such
verses are not found in the Alexandrian texttype, early papyri, or in other
manuscripts preferred by the specific editors. For consistency of reference in
the current format, the skipped verse numbers remain displayed, but with no
text following. This allows the use of the Online Bible's Cross-Reference feature
even for those verses otherwise lacking in the Westcott-Hort Greek text.
Certain words
within the Westcott-Hort Greek text are enclosed in square brackets or double
square brackets. These reflect those places where the critical text editors
considered the inclusion or omission of such words to be in question. The
reader should consult the Introduction volume to the Westcott-Hort edition (as
well as the introductions to the Nestle-Aland 26-27/UBS 3-4 editions) for more
information concerning this aspect of their respective texts. Material cited in
the Westcott-Hort margin as alternate readings is not reflected in the present
edition, no matter whether such marginal readings reflect addition/omission,
substitution of words, or transpositions. Only the main text of Westcott-Hort
is followed.
In the Online
Bible format, certain words in the apparatus to the modern critical texts are
enclosed in single angle brackets < >. These indicate places in the
apparatus where the modern critical texts enclose only a PORTION of the given
word in square brackets, e.g., "onoma[ta]", or
"kr[aug]azonta". Note that Westcott and Hort were more responsible
scholars in this regard than modern critical editors: Westcott and Hort
reserved the marginal apparatus for slightly varying readings of this type
rather than bowdlerizing the text with brackets inserted within individual
words. Since the rendering of words in that partially-bracketed format would
adversely affect the Online Bible's search capabilities, the entire word is instead
enclosed in angle brackets to indicate that only a portion of the word is
actually placed in square brackets by the critical editors, e.g.,
<onomata>, <kraugazonta>. The user should consult the printed
Nestle-Aland 26-27/UBS 3-4 text for details regarding the specific bracketed
portions in such instances.
Note that only
the readings actually printed by Westcott and Hort as their primary text
appears in the current edition, and that without comment. Even the modern
critical text variant apparatus does not address the specific manuscript
evidence for variant readings cited.
Maurice A. Robinson
Professor of NT and Greek
Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary